Features of Vespa affinis Nest Based on X-ray Diffraction, Spectroscopic, and Surface Morphological Studies

The main focus of this research is to ascertain the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and surface morphology a hornet (Vespa affinis) nest. optical microscopic (OM) analysis demonstrated that nest presented an irregular formation partition materials. This was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed presence unique form with honeycomb-like pattern. Meanwhile, materials largely consisted carbon oxygen elements, as by energy dispersive (EDX) analysis, while XRD indicated composed amorphous cellulose lignin. Finally, spectroscopy number peaks, material also mixture cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin It envisaged these results would widen possibilities fundamental scientific on forest products, particularly use V. affinis for further biological chemical